Monday, December 30, 2019

Speech Should Wuthering heights be made relevant in...

Should Wuthering Heights be considered relevant in todays society? I say, yes. Although I must admit, I was very close to hating this book, not only because of the confusing situations which occurs and my dislike towards all characters, but also for much more reasons that I dont wish to point out at this moment for that we shall be here for a terribly long time if I did. However, I must also admit, the context of this book, Wuthering Heights, have portrayed many relevant themes that are still existing today, even as I speak. Catherines decision of marriage is one example. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary Nelly, I am Heathcliff. In this quote, Catherine†¦show more content†¦They grew up protecting and trying to shelter each other from the abuse of Hindley and Joseph. Consequently, they developed an eternal friendship, love and affinity. One could say that they were soul mates even children. Bronte expands the notion of eternal love by creating the supernatural aspect in the story. This is illustrated when Heathcliff contacts Catherines spirit after she dies. Their souls are eternally joined so as a result, Heathcliff cannot live in this realm without her. Only their souls joined together make one. Heathcliff eventually dies to reunite his soul with Catherine. Another aspect which is relevant today and forever it shall remain relevant is selfishness. Catherines selfish character was depicted when she wanted both Edgar and Heathcliff at the same time. In the beginning, she was introduced as a high spirited character who was wild. However, she drastically changes throughout the book. When she hurts her leg and is forced to stay at Thrushcross Grange, she returns to Wuthering Heights as a well dressed and dignified lady. She was easily swayed to the superior lifestyle of the Lintons and began to look down upon Heathcliff. She even laughs at his rough and dirty appearance and says I didnt mean to laugh at you. I could not hinder myself Heathcliff. Shake hands at least! What are you sulky for? It was only that you looked odd. If you wash you face and brush your hair, it would be alright. But you are

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Due Process And Juveniles Rights - 1305 Words

Lindsey Angell Juvenile Delinquency Dr. Olson 2 October 2015 Chapter 7: Due Process and Juveniles’ Rights The U.S. Supreme Court on Juvenile Justice During the first sixty years of its existence, the practices and policies of the juvenile court went unchallenged. The original goal of the juvenile courts was to focus more on treatment instead of punishment. Kent v. United States (1966) In 1961, 16-year-old Morris Kent was charged with rape and robbery when he was on probation. Kent was sentenced to 30-90 in prison after being found guilty in a criminal court. The judge had waived jurisdiction without a hearing, therefore, the waiver was found invalid. In re Gault When 15-year-old Gerald Gault was on probation, he and a friend made ‘obscene comments’ in a telephone call made to a female neighbor. At the hearing, Gerald had no counsel. On top of that, the victim, the neighbor, was not present, and there was no evidence presented. He was found guilty and sent to a training school. Personally, I think that the trial was really in violation of due process rights. From what I have learned in the past, all suspects have access to an attorney, and they have a right to be able to face the victim in their trial. Having Gerald adjudicated delinquent and sending to a training school was unfair to him. He had an unfair trial, and therefore should have had the option to be retried with the victim and an attorney present. In re Winship Samuel Winship, a 12-year-old, wasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Juvenile Treatment On The Justice System Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesolder and most likely have a history of criminal behavior. So the focus on them is for punishment and keeping them away from society to prevent the opportunity to do more harm. When a juvenile is arrested for an offense, the police cannot hold them for longer than 2 hours or they should be released to a Juvenile Community Corrections Officer and held in a secure detention facility. They should not be questioned without a parent being present, and be kept separate from adults (Kids Legal, 2013)Read MoreEssay on History of the Juvenile Justice System1477 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: HISTORY OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM Juvenile Delinquency: The History of the Juvenile Justice System Shandi Lillard Kaplan University CJ 150 – 02 Professor Raymond Keefauvor June 14, 2011 The History of the Juvenile Justice System The Juvenile Justice System is seen by many as being ineffective in treating the youth of this country, the programs are outdated and there seems to be little, if any hope that these youth will stay on the right path once released back intoRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, I will be discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems shareRead MoreEssay on Criminal Law Evaluation698 Words   |  3 Pages4th, 5th, and 6th amendments of the United States Constitution. How these safeguards to the 4th, 5th, and 6th amendment will apply to juvenile and adult court proceedings. Finally, this paper will focus the impact that these safeguards, such as speedy trial, Miranda warning, exclusionary rule, and right to counsel will have on the day- to- day operation for juvenile and adult courts. If laws are not put in place individuals cannot hold on to the properties owned. Social life is impossible withoutRead MoreThe American Juvenile Justice System1043 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican juvenile justice system had developed over the past century with a number of variables that makes it different from the adult criminal justice process. Juvenile justice advocates supports the differences on the youthful offenders. Juvenile crime policy over the course of the twentieth century talks about transferring the law’s conceptions of young offenders. Starting from the nineteenth century, many of the youths were tried and punished as adults. However, treatment of juveniles in the UnitedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pageslaw were treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first publishedRead MoreJuveniles As A Victim Of A Crime Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles Juveniles come in contact with the law and law enforcement everyday, but it is important to understand how to deal with these individuals. Oftentimes juveniles can be a victim of a crime, or even a suspect in a crime, and it is necessary to learn how to effectively communicate with these individuals. Children and juveniles have a different language set, understanding of law, mindset, and even a different way of coping compared to their adult counterparts. Officers dealing with these youngerRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741576 Words   |  7 Pagesexploring the internet on juvenile delinquents. We as a class have had many good questions to answer about the different ways juveniles are treated, and what the correct or incorrect treatment is for juveniles. We have written many papers and had many discussion on historical milestones, landmark cases, adult courts, juvenile courts, probation and parole, detention centers and juvenile training programs. This semest er has really changed the way that I look at juvenile delinquents. Three historicalRead MoreThe Decision, And Impact On Today s Criminal Justice System1024 Words   |  5 Pagesthese laws challenged by a higher court if there is probable cause if we think there was some form of violation to one of our Amendments rights (e.g., freedom of speech, Racial profiling). Not many countries or nations have this type of freedom. Therefore, we will take a look at one of the U.S. Supreme Court case (Gerald â€Å"Jerry† Gault) in regards to a juvenile right to consul. Then this learner will briefly discuss the case, the decision, and impact on today s criminal justice system. After whichRead MoreThe Law And The Criminal Justice System1669 Words   |  7 Pagesour history juveniles have been accused of many crimes, and have been sentenced as adults even though some juveniles are so young that the thought of such a long sentence is crazy. Over the years many laws and systems have changed to accommodate the rise of crime from juveniles to perhaps treat them rather than punish them as adults. With many juvenile cases over the years, these cases have helped shape the system to accommodate better for juveniles and there rights. Fundamental Rights History has

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Ecn 204 Final Exam Notes Free Essays

Macro Final Exam Chapter 10: The Money Systems What assets are considered â€Å"Money†? What are the functions of money and the types of money? * W/o money, trade would require barter Exchanging one good/service for another * unlikely occurrence that two people e/ have a good that other wants * 3 functions * Medium of exchange: an item buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase g/s * Unit of account: the yardstick ppl use to post prices record debts * Store of value: an item ppl can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future * 2 kinds Commodity money: commodity with intrinsic value, i. e. gold coins * Fiat money: money w/o intrinsic value, used as money b/c of gov’t decree, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Ecn 204 Final Exam Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. dollar bills * Money in Can’n economy * Money supply (Money stock): the quantity of money available in the economy * Two assets should be considers: * Currency: the paper bills coins in the hands of the general public * Demand deposits: balances in bank accounts that despositors can access on demand by writing a cheque/using debit card * Money Supply = currency + deposits What is the bank of Canada and its role? How do Banks create money? * Central Bank: an institution designed to regulate the money supply in the economy * Bank of Canada: the central bank of Canada * Established in 1935, nationalized in 1938, owned by Can’n gov’t * Managed by board of directors appointed by minister of Finance, composed of: governor, the senior deputy governor (7 yr terms), 12 directors (3 yr terms) * Four primary functions: * Issue currency, act as banker to commercial banks Can’n gov’t, control money supply * Commercial Banks and Money Supply Although Bank of Canada alone is responsible for Canadian monetary policy, the central bank can control the supply of money only through its influence on the entire banking system * Commercial banks include credit unions, caisses populaires, and trust companies * Commercial banks can influence the quantity of demand deposits in economy and money supply * Reserves: cash that commercial banks hold * F ractional banking system Keeps fraction of deposits as reserves, rest is loaned * Banks may hold more than this minimum amt if they choose * The reserve ratio, R Fraction of deposits that banks hold as reserves * Total reserves as % of total deposits * Bank T-account * T-account – simplified accounting statement that shows bank’s Assets liabilities * Banks liabilities: deposits(what we put in the bank), Assets: Loans and reserves(What bank keeps) * R= Reserves/Deposits * Banks money supply * $100 of currency is in circulation, determining impact on money supply: Calculate in 3 different cases * No banking system Public holds the $100 as currency; Money supply= $100 * 100% reserves banking system: banks hold 100% of deposits as reserves make no loans * MS = Currency (loans) + deposits = 0 +100 = 100 * Bank does not affect size of money supply * Fractional reserve banking system * R=10%: Reserves: 10, Loans: 90, Deposits: 100 * MS= $190 * When banks make loans create money * Borrower gets: 90 in currency(asset), 90 in new debt/loan (liability) * Money Multiplier: The amt of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reserves * Money multiplier = 1/R R =10, 1/R = 10, 100 x 10 = 1000 * The Bank of Canada’s tools of Monetary Control * 1. Open-market operations * When it buys gov’t bonds from/ sells to the public * Foreign exchange market operations: when it buy/sells foreign currencies * MS increase when bank of Canada buys foreign currency with Canadian Currency; and decrease when BoC sells foreign currency * 2. Changing the overnight rate * Central banks act as bankers to commercial banks Bank rate : interest rate charged by bank of Canada on loans to the commercial banks * Since 1998 Bank of Canada as allowed commercial banks to borrow freely at the bank rate, paid commercial banks the bank rate, minus half percent, on their deposits at bank of Canada * Commercial banks never need to pay more than bank rate for short t erm loans, b/c they can always borrow from the Bank of Canada instead * Conversely, commercial banks never need to accept less than the bank rate, minus half a percent, when they make short-term loans, because they can always lend to the bank of Canada instead * Overnight rate: the interest rate on very short-term loans between commercial banks * Bank of Canada can alter the money supply by changing the bank rate, which in turn causes an equal change in overnight rate * A higher bank rate discourages commercial banks from borrowing from the Bank of Canada * A higher overnight rate discourages commercial banks from borrowing from other commercial banks * An increase in the overnight rate reduces the quantity of reserves in the banking system, which in turn reduces the money supply * Bank of Canada’s control of MS is not precise * Bank of Canada must wrestle w/ 2 problems that come from fractional-reserve banking * Does not control amt of money that: * Household choose to hold as deposits in banks * Commercial bankers choose to lend Chapter 11: Money Growth and Inflation How does the money supply affect the inflation nominal interest rates? * Quantity theory of money: Price rises when gov’t prints too much money * Most economists believe the quantity theory is a good explanation of the long run behavior of inflation * Asserts that quantity of money determines value * 2 approaches: * Supply demand diagram MS determined by bank of Canada, banking system, consuers * In model, assume that BoC precisely controls MS sets it at some fixed amt * MD (money demand) how much wealth ppl want to hold in liquid form * Depends on P: an increase in P reduces the value of money, so more money is required to buy goods services * Thus: Quantity of money demanded is –vely related to the value of money +vely related to P, other things equal (real income, interest rates, availability of ATMs) * * Results from Graph: Increasing MS causes P to rise * How does th is work? Short version: * AT the initial P, an increase in MS causes excess supply of money * People get rid of their excess money by spending it on goods services/ by loaning it to others who spent it * Result: increased demand of goods But supply of goods does not increase, so prices must rise * Other things happen in the short run, which we will study in later chapters) * Equation * Nominal Variables: are measured in monetary units * i. e. Nominal GDP, nominal interest rates (rate of return measured in $) nominal wage($ per/hour worked) * Real Variables: are measured in physical units * i. e. real GDP real interest rate (measured in output) real wage (measured in output) * Real vs. Nominal * Prices are normally measured in terms of money * Price of a compact disc: $15/cd * Price of a pepperoni pizza: $10/pizza A relative price: price of one good relative (divided by) another: * Relative price of CDs in terms of pizza: * Price of CD/Price of pizza = 15/10 = 1. 5 pizzas per cd * R elative prices are measured in physical units so they are real variables * Real vs. Nominal Wage * An important relative price is the real wage * W= nominal wage= price of labour $15/hr * P = price level = price of gs $5/unit of output * Real wage is price of labour relative to price of output * W/P = 15/5 = 3 units output per hour * Classical theory of inflation: * Increase in overall level of prices * Over past 60 yrs, prices risen on avg of 4%/yr Deflation: people will wait for prices to drop on big ticketed items, dropped in the 20th century * In 1970s prices rose by 7%/yr * During 1990s, price rose at 2%/yr * Hyperinflation: extraordinary high rate * Quantity theory of money: explain long-run determinants of price lvl and inflation rate * Inflation is an economy-wide phenomenon that concerns the value of the economy’s medium of exchange * When the overall price level rises, value of money falls * Inverse relationship b/w price value of money * Value of money: * P = Pric e lvl (CPI/ GDP deflator) * P = price of basket of goods measured in money * 1/P is value of $1, measured in goods * Example: basket contains one candy bar, P = $2, Value of $1 is ? candy bar * The Classical Dichotomy Classical dichotomy: theoretical separation of nominal real variables * Hume the classical economists suggested that monetary developments affect nominal variables but not real variables * If the central bank doubles the MS, Hume classical thinkers contend * All nom variables (including prices) will double * All real variables (Including relative prices) will remain unchanged * The neutrality of Money * Monetary neutrality: the proposition that changes in the MS do not affect real variables * Doubling money supply causes all nominal prices to double, what happens to relative prices? * Initially, relative price of cd in terms of pizza is * Price of cd/price of pizza = 15/10 = 1. pizzas per cd * After nominal prices double * 30/20 = 1. 5 pizza per cd * Relative price is unchanged * Monetary neutrality: proposition that changes in the MS do not affect real variables * Similarly, the real wage W/P remains unchanged, so†¦ * Quantity of labour supplied/demanded, total employment does not change * The same applies to employment of capital other resources * Since employment of all resources in unchanged, total output is also unchanged by the MS * Most economists believe the classical dichotomy neutrality of money describe the economy in the long run Does the money supply affect real variables like real GDP or the real interest rate? The velocity of Money: the rate at which money changes hands * Notation: * PxY = nominal GDP = price level x real GDP * M = money supply * V = velocity * Velocity formula: V = PXY/M * Pizza, Y = real GDP = 3000 pizzas, P= price of pizza = $10, P*Y = $30,0000, M = $10,000 * V=30,000/10,000= 3, avg dollar was used in 3 transactions * Quantity Equation * M*V = P*Y * V = stable * So, a change in M causes nominal GDP (P* Y) to change by the same % * A change in M does not affect Y: money is neutral, Y is determined by tech resources * So, P changes by the same % as P*Y and M * Rapid money supply growth causes rapid inflation How is inflation like a tax? Hyperinflation is generally defined as inflation exceeding 50%/month * Excessive growth in the MS always causes hyperinflation * Inflation tax: * When tax revenue is inadequate and ability to borrow is ltd, gov’t may print money to pay for its spending * Almost all hyperinflations start this way * The revenue from printing money is the inflation tax: printing money causes inflation, which is like a tax on everyone who holds money * The Fischer Effect * Rearrange definition of real interest rate: * Nominal interest rate = Inflation rate + real interest rate * Real interest rate is determined by saving investment in the loanable funds market * MS growth determines inflation rate This equation shows how the nominal interest rate is determined * In long run, money is neutral, so a change in the money growth rate affects the inflation rate but not the real interest rate * So, nominal interest rate adjusts one-for-one with changes in the inflation rate * The inflation tax applies to people’s holdings of money, not their holdings of wreath * Fishcher effect: an increase in inflation causes an equal increase in the nominal interest rate, so the real interest rate is unchanged What are the costs of inflation? How serious are they? * The inflation fallacy: most ppl think inflation erodes real income * Inflation is a general increase in price of the things ppl buy the things they sell (i. e. labour) * In long run, real incomes are determined by real variables, not inflation rate * Shoeleather costs: the resources wasted when inflation encourages ppl to reduce their money holdings * Includes the time transactions costs of more frequent bank withdrawals * Menu costs: the costs of changing prices Printing new menus, mailing new catalogs * Misallocation of resources from relative-price variability: Firms don’t all raise prices @ the same time, so relative prices can vary which distorts the allocation of resources * Confusion inconvenience: inflation changes the yardstick we use to measure transactions, complicates long-range planning the comparison of dollar amts over time * Tax distortions: inflation makes nominal income grow faster than real income, taxes are based on nominal income, some are not adjusted for inflation, so†¦ inflation causes ppl to pay more taxes even when their real incomes don’t increase * Arbitrary redistributions of wealth Higher-than-expected inflation transfers purchasing power from creditors to debtors: debtors get to repay their debt w/ dollars that aren’t worth as much * Lower-than-expected inflation transfers purchasing power from debtors to creditors * High inflation is more variable less predictable than low inflation * So, these arbitrary re distributions are frequent when inflation is high * Costs are high for economies experiencing hyperinflation * For economies w/ low inflation ( 0, â€Å"Capital outflow†, domestic purchases of foreign assets exceed foreign purchases of domestic assets * Capital is flowing out of country * When NCO 0, â€Å"Capital inflow†, foreign purchases of domestic assets exceed domestic purchases of foreign assets * Capital is flowing into the country * Variables that Influence NCO * Real interest rates paid on foreign assets or domestic assets * Perceived risks of holding foreign assets * Gov’t policies affecting foreign ownership of domestic assets * The equality of NX NCO * An accounting identity: NCO = NX * Arises b/c every transactions that affects NX also affects NCO by the same amt (And vice versa) * When a foreigner purchases a good from Canada, * Can’n exports NX increase The foreigner pay w/ currency or assets, so the Can’n acquires some foreign a ssets, causing NCO to rise * An accounting identity: NCO=NX * Arises b/c every transaction that affects NX also affects NCO the same amt ( vice versa) * When a Can’n citizen buys foreign goods, * Can’n imports rise, NX falls * The Can’n buyer pays w/ Can’n dollars or assets, so the other country acquires Can’n assets, causing Can’n NCO to fall * Saving, Investment, international Flows of Goods Assets * Y = C + I + G + NX accounting identity * Y – C – G = I + NX rearranging terms * S = I + NX since S = Y – C – G * S = I + NCO since NX = NCO * When S I, the excess loanable funds flow abroad in the form of positive net capital outflow, NCO 0 * When S e =P*/P implies that the nom exchange rate between 2 countries should equal the ratio of price lvls * If the 2 countries have diff inflation rates, then e will change over time: * If inflation is higher in Mexico than in Canada, Then P* rises faster than P, so e rise s – the dollar appreciates against the peso * If inflation is higher in Canada than in Japan, then P rises faster than P*, so e falls- the dollar depreciates against the yen * Limitations of PPP theory, why exchange rates do not always adjust to equalize prices across countries: * Many goods cannot easily be traded: * i. e. haircuts, going to movies * Price differences on such goods cannot be arbitraged away * Foreign, domestic goods not perfect substitutes: * i. e. some Can’n consumers prefer Toyatos over Chevys * Price differences reflect taste differences * Nonetheless, PPP works well in many cases, especially as an explanation of long-run trends * i. e. PPP implies: the greater a country’s inflation rate, the faster its currency should depreciate (relative to a low-inflation country like Canada) * Interest rate determination in a small open economy w/ perfect Capital mobility * Why do interest rates in Canada the U. S. tend to move up down together? * Canada is a small open economy w/ perfect capital mobility * â€Å"small† = small part of the world economy * Canada is an economy w/ perfect capital mobility b/c * Can’ns have full access to world financial markets, * And the rest of the world has full access to the Can’n fin’l market * This means that the real interest rate in Canada should equal the real rate prevailing in the world U. S. r= r^w * Perfect Capital mobility: theory that real interest rate in Canada should equal that in the rest of the world is known as interest rate parity * Limitations: real interest rate in Canada is not always = to the real interest rate in the rest of the world b/c†¦ * Fin’l assets carry w/ them the possibility of default * Fin’l assets offered for sale in different Chapter 13: Macroeconomic theory of the open economy In an open economy, what determines the real interest rate? The real exchange rate? * Market of loanable Funds S=I + NCO * Supply of loanable funds = saving * A dollar of saving can be used to finance * The purchase of domestic capital * The purchase of foreign asset * So, demand for loanable funds=I + NCO * S depends +vely on the real interest rate, r * I depends –vely on r * Real interest rate, is the real return on domestic assets * A fall in r makes domestic assets less attractive relative to foreign assets * Can’ns purchase more foreign assets * Can’ns purchase fewer domestic assets * NCO rises * The supply demand for loanable funds depend on the real interest rate * A higher real interest rate encourages ppl to save raises the quantity of loanable funds supplied * The interest rate adjusts to bring the supply demand for loanable funds into balance * At eq’m interest rate, the amt that ppl want to save exactly balances the desired quantities of domestic investment foreign investment * Loanable funds market diagram * R adjusts to balance supply demand in the LF market * Both I NCO depend –vely on r, so the D curve is downward-sloping * * In small open economy w/ perfect capital mobility, i. e. Canada, the domestic interest rate = world interst rate * As a result, the quantity of loanable funds made available by the savings of Can’ns does not have to equal the quantity of loanable funds demanded for domestic investment * The difference between these two amts is NCO * * How are the markets for loanable funds foreign-currency exchange connected? The market for foreign-currency exchange exists b/c ppl want to trade w/ ppl in other countries, but they want to be paid in their own currency * 2 side of foreign-currency exchange market are represented by NCO NX * NCO represents the imbalance between the purchases sales of capital assets * NX represents the imbalance b/w exports imports of goods services * Another identity from preceding chapter: NCO = NX * In the market for foreign-currency exchange, * NX is the demand for dollars: foreigners need dollars to buy Can’n NX * NCO is the supply of dollars: Can’n residents provide/give dollars when they buy foreign assets * S=I + NCO S – I =NX * What price balances the supply demand in the market for foreign-currency exchange? * The real exchange rate (E) = e*P/P* The Can’n exchange rate(E) measures the quantity of foreign g/s that trade for one unit of Can’n g/s * E is the real value of a dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange * The demand curve for dollars (NX) is downward sloping b/c a higher exchange rate makes domestic goods more expensive * The supply curve (NCO) is vertical b/c the quantity of dollars supplied fo r NCO is unrelated to the real exchange rate * Increase in E makes Can’n goods more expensive to foreigners, reduces foreign demand for Can’n goods dollars, does not affect NCO/supply of dollars * The real E adjusts to balance the S D for dollars * At Eq’m E, the demand for dollars to buy NX exactly balances the supply of dollars to be exchanged into foreign currency to buy assets abroad * Disentangling SD When can’n resident buys imported goods does the transaction affect s/d in foreign exchange market? * The demand for dollars decrease * The increase in imports reduce NX which we think of as demand for dollars (NX= net demand for dollars) * When foreigner buys Can’n asset, does the transaction affect supply/ demand in the foreign exchange market * The supply of dollars falls * NCO = Net supply of dollars How do gov’t budget deficits affect exchange rate trade balance? * The effects of a budget deficit * National saving falls * The real interest rate rises * Domestic investment net capital outflow both fall * The real exchange rate appreciates * Net export fall (or the trade deficit increases) * Eq’m in the Open Economy NCO is the variable that links these two markets: S = I + NCO, NCO =NX * In the market for loanable funds, supply comes from national saving demand comes from domestic investment NCO * In the market for foreign-currency exchange, suplly comes from NCO demand comes from BX * * * Eq’m in the open economy * Prices in the loanable funds market the foreign-currency exchange market adjust simultaneously to balance supply demand in these two markets * As they, they determine the macroeconomic variables of national saving, domestic investment, NCO, and NX How do other policies or events affect the interest rate, exchange rate, and trade balance? The magnitude variation in important macroeconomic variables depend on the following: * Increase in world interest rates * Gov’t budget deficits surpluses * Trade policies * Political economic stability * Three steps in using the model to analyze these events * Determine which of the s/d curves e/ event effects * Determine which way the curves shift * Examine how these shifts alter the economy’s equilibrium * * * Increase in world interest rates * Events outside Canada that cause world interest rates to change can have important effects on the Can’n economy * In a small open economy w/ perfect mobility, an increase in the world interest rate†¦ * Crowds out domestic investment, * Cause NCO to increase * Causes the dollar to depreciate * The effects of an increase in the gov’t budget deficit * * Gov’t budget deficits surpluses * b/c a gov’t budget deficit represents negative public saving, it reduces national saving, and therefore reduces†¦ * the supply of loanable funds * NCO * The supply of Can’n dollars in the market for foreign-currency exchange * Trade Polic y: is a gov’t policy that directly influences the quantity of goods @ services that a country imports/exports * Tariff: a tax on imported goods * Imported quota: a limit on quantity of a good produces abroad and sold domestically * Initial impact is on imports – which affects NX NX are the sources of demand for dollars in the foreign-currency exchange market * Imports are reduced at any exchange rate, NX will rise * This increases the demand for dollars in the foreign currency exchange market * * * There is no change in the market for loanable funds, and therefore, no change in NCO * B/c foreigners need dollars to buy Can’n NX, there is an increased demand for dollars in the market for foreign-currency * This leads to an appreciation of the real exchange rate * Effect of an import quota * An appreciation of the dollar in the foreign exchange market discourages exports * This offsets the initial increase in NX due to import quota * Trade policies do not affect t he trade balance Political Instability Capital Flight * Capital flight * Is large sudden reduction in demand for assets located in a country * Has its largest impact on the country from which the capital is fleeing, but it also affects other countries * If investors become concerned about the safety of their investments, capital can quickly leave an economy * Interest rates increase the domestic currency depreciates * When investors around the world observed political problems in Mexico in 1994, they sold some of their Mexican assets and used the proceeds to by assets of the other countries * This increased Mexican NCO An increased demand for loanable funds in the loanable funds market leads the interest rate to increase * This increased the supply of pesos in the foreign-currency exchange market * * Chapter 14: Aggregate Demand Supply What are economic fluctuations? What are their characteristics? * Over LR, Real GDP grows about 2%/yr on avg * In SR, GDP fluctuates around its t rend * Recessions: falling real incomes rising unemployment * Depressions: severe recessions (very rare) * SR economic fluctuations are often called business cycles * 3 facts about economic fluctuations * Are irregular unpredictable * Most macro’c quantities fluctuate together * As output falls, unemployment rises Use mode of AD AS to study fluctuations * Short run, changes in nominal variables (Ms or P) can affect real variables (Y/U-rate) How does the model aggregate demand supply explain economic fluctuations? * Aggregate-demand curve – shows the quantity of goods services that households, firms, the gov’t want to buy @ each price level * Aggregate-supply curve- shows the quantity of goods services that firms choose to produce and sell at each price level * Why does the aggregate-demand curve slope downward? What shifts the AD curve? * AD curve shows quantity of g/s demanded in the economy at any given P * Y=C+I+G+NX * Assume G fixed by gov’t po licy Increase in P reduces the quantity of g/s demanded b/c: * The wealth effect (c falls) * The dollars ppl hold buy fewer g/s so real wealth is lower * Ppl feel poorer * i. e. a stock market boom makes households feel wealthier, C rises, the AD curve shifts right; preferences: consumption, saving tradeoff; tax hikes/cuts * Interest rate effect (I falls) * Buying g/s requires more dollars * To get these dollars, ppl borrow more * Drives up interest rates * i. e. firms buy new computers; expectations, optimism/pessimism; Interest rates, monetary policy; investment tax credit/other tax incentives * The exchange rate effect (NX falls) * Real exchange rate= exP/P* Increase real exchange rate, Can’n exchange rate appreciates * Can’n exports more expensive to ppl abroad, imports cheaper to Can’n residents * i. e. booms/recessions in countries that buy our exports (recession in the U. S. ); appreciation/depreciation resulting from int’l speculation in foreign e xchange market * Changes in G * Federal spending i. e defense; provincial municipal spending i. e roads, schools What is the slope of the aggregate-supply curve in the short run? Long run? What shifts AS curve? * AS curve shows the total quantity of g/s firms produce sell at any given P * Upward-sloping in short run * Vertical in long run Natural rate of output (Yn) us the amt of output the economy produces when unemployment is at its natural rate * Yn is also called potential output/full-employment output * Yn determined by the economy’s labour (L) capital (K), and natural resources(N), and on the lvl of tech(A) * Changes in L/Natural rate unemployment: immigration, Baby-boomers retire, gov’t policies reduce natural u-rate * Changes in K/H: Investment in factories, more ppl get college degrees, factories destroyed by a hurricane * Changes in natural resources(N): discovery of new mineral deposits, reduction in supply of imported oil, changing weather patterns that a ffect agricultural production * Changes in tech (A): productivity improvements from technological progress * An increase in P does not affect any of these, it does not affect Yn (Classical dichotomy) * Any even that changes any of the determinants of Yn will shift LRAS * i. e. immigration increases L, causing Yn to rise * Over the LR, tech progress shifts LRAS to the right growth in the MS shifts AD to the right * Ongoing inflation growth in output * The SRAs curves is upward sloping: * Over the period of 1-2 yrs, an increase in P causes an increase in quantity of g/s supplied * If AS is vertical, fluctuations in AD do ot cause fluctuations in output/employment * If AS slopes up, then shifts in AD do affect output employment * Three theories: * Sticky wage theory, Imperfection- nominal wages are sticky in the short run, they adjust sluggishly, due to labour contracts; firms workers set the nominal wage in advance based on Pe, the price lvl expected to prevail * If PPe, revenue i s higher, but labour cost is not. Productions is more profitable, so firms increase output employment * Hence, high P causes higher Y, so the SRAS curve slopes upward * Sticky price theory, Imperfection- many prices are sticky in the short run: due to menu costs, the costs of adjusting prices, i. e. ost of printing new menus, the time required to change price tags * Firms set sticky prices in advance based on Pe * Suppose the BoC increases the MS unexpectedly, in LR P will rise * In SR, firms w/o menu costs can raise their P immediately * Firms w/ menu costs wait to raise prices, meantime , their prices are relatively low, which increase demand for their products, so they increase output employment * Hence, higher P is associated w/ higher Y, so the SRAS curve slopes upward * Misperceptions- imperfection: firms may confuse changes in P with changes in the relative price of the products they sell, if P rises above Pe- a firm sees its price rise before realizing all prices are risin g. The firms may believe its relative price is rising may increase output employment, * An increase in P can cause an increase in Y, making the SRAS curve upward-sloping * What 3 theories have in common: Y deviates from Yn, when P deviates from Pe * Y(Output) = Yn + a(P-Pe) * Yn-Natural rate of output (LR) * a0, measures how much Y responds to unexpected changes in P * P, actually price lvl; Pe, expected price lvl * SRAS LRAS The imperfections in these theories are temp, over time†¦ * Sticky wages prices become flexible * Misperceptions are corrected * In LR†¦ * Pe = P, Y=Yn, AS is vertical * Unemployment is at its natural rate * Why the SRAS curve might shift * Everything that shifts LRAS shifts SRAS too * Also, Pe shifts SRAS: * If Pe rises, workers firms set higher wages * At e/ P production is less profitable, Y falls, SRAS shifts left * * Economic fluctuations * Caused by events that shift the AD/AS curves * 4 steps to analyzing economic fluctuations: * Determine whether the event shifts AD AS * Determine whether curve shifts left/right Use AD-AS diagram to see how the shift changes Y P in the short run * Use AD-AS diagram to see how economy moves from new SR eq’m to new LR eq’m * I. e. Stock market crash : C falls, so AD shifts left; SR eq’m at B, P Y lower, unemp higher; Over time Pe fals, SRAS shifts right, until LR eq’m at C, Y and unemp back at initial lvls * * i. e. oil prices rises: increases costs, shifts SRAS Left, SR eq’m at point B, P higher, Y lower, unemp higher; from A to B, stagflation: a period of falling output rising prices; if policymakers do nothing: low employment causes wages to fall SRAS shifts right until LR eq’m at A, or policymakers could use fiscal/ monetary policy to increase Ad accommodate AS shift: Y back to Yn, but P permanently higher How to cite Ecn 204 Final Exam Notes, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Investment Analysis Portfolio Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Investment Analysis Portfolio Management? Answer: Introduction Emerging economies refers to those economies of countries that are towards becoming advance though. Two examples of these countries are China and India being the largest emerging market economies in the world. Emerging economies offers some of the best business opportunities since these countries have large economies with the ability to advance. The two countries have different and varied economic and environmental condition that influences investment. Both China and India have registered different economic growth that has a direct or indirect effect on the return on capital invested. The robust economy that is supported by large population size and good demography is vital for foreign investors willing to invest in the two countries. The following paper gives the investment analysis and portfolio management within two emerging economies of China and India. The political environment in China has made limited progress in economic reforms. The current Communist Party show limited economic reforms that hinder both economic growth and trade with the economic growth currently standing at 6.9%. This implies that since the party came into power there are structural problems that are also tied to financial regulatory inefficiencies jeopardizing the financial sector (Bode, Kane Marcus 2005). Furthermore, the influence of Communist Party in the rule of law has reduced the dependence on the rule of law pointing towards economic uncertainty growth giving integrity of Government Integrity 41.6. This is due to the vulnerability of the legal system that controls the trade regulation to the political influence of Communist Party hence judicial effectiveness 60.7 (Thorp 2010). Failure to reform the economic and financial sector has also resulted in debt either in the household, corporate, or the government. This political problem leaves the legitimacy of the Communist Party government in doubt since it fails to improve the living standards of the people as they promised when coming to power. The government of India, on the other hand, is a democratically stable with annual growth of 7%. Bharatiya Janata Party has performed since its coming into power in 2014 with the reinvigorating economy policy. This is coupled with technological advancement creating a clear distinction between the extremely wealthy and poor that exists in the Indian economy. In addition, the economic policies that are developed by Bharatiya Janata Party have facilitated the struggle in the countrys diverse population. The government of India is currently developing ties with other countries such as the USA giving the current good score in terms of foreign relations. Continuous pressure has made the judicial system in the country to be independent with good adherence to the rule of law. The government integrity, therefore, remains Government Integrity 44.3 due to understaffed of the judiciary with Judicial Effectiveness 44.4. Economic situation The Indian open market gives the value of export and import leveling at 49% of GDP. According to reff, the average tariff that is applied to balance of trade currently is 6.2% with state enterprise distorting the economy of India. Moreover, the government banking institutions are the major players in the economy. These institutions also dominate the capital market sector despite the liberalization of market efforts. The trade freedom is on the rise and, currently stands at 72.6% giving investment freedom and financial freedom equal rating of 40.0. Indias interest rate, on the other hand, is currently 8.1% p.a. this interest rate was made effective from the financial year 2016/2017. Interest rates China economy is improving in terms of interest rates with the adoption of short-term interest rate that has been witnessed in the recent times in the country. Some institution such as Shanghai Interbank current interest rate stands at 4.42% superseding the PBOCs of 4.35%. This is positive given the 4.85% interest rate recorded in June 2015. The trend has been on the decline since 1996 where the country recorded an interest rate of 10.98% and was the highest. For the last, two years the interest rate has stabilized at 4.35% since October 2015 (Jalil, Feridun Ying 2010, pp. 189-195). The Indias State Bank of India (SBI) has the mandate to set the interest rate throughout the country. The fixed deposits interest rate is currently set at 5.25%pa to 7.25%pa. Moreover, fixed deposit is set differently depending on the period of time for instance 60,90, and 120 days have fixed deposit rate of 6.5% pa while 6 months attract fixed deposit rate of 6.75% pa. On the higher side, duration of 9 months comes with a fixed deposit rate of 7% pa (Echeverri-Gent 2002, pp.1953). Exchange rates China is a major player in the global trade platform with its economic policies influencing the much global economy. According to Bose and Jalal (2011), China is at the epicenter of the Asian trade making the country Yuan have influence in the exchange rate within the global economy. The Chinese currency is currently stabilizing with 1 Yuan trading at 0.15 US Dollar in the international market. This gives the currently country stable foreign exchange rate in the international trade. Indian rupee is the official currency of India (INR) and is one of the popular currencies in the USD to INR rate. The current inflation rate is 5.20% and, currently, 1 Indian rupee is equivalent to 0.016 US Dollar (Bode, Kane Marcus 2005). Employment and unemployment rates The countrys population of 1,374.62m offers cheap labor hence a contributing factor in the economic growth witnessed over the past years. The unemployment rate currently is 4.1% leading to shift as the economic rate stagnates. The countrys economic growth slowdown since and dynamically influences with the country's demography. The large population gives the country cheap labor and out of 765.31 million economically viable persons in China 753.21 million are currently employed totaling to 70.8 %. Statistics dating back to 2016 shows that 27.7 % of the workforce are employed in agriculture, 28.8 % in industry and 43.5 % in services (What Investment 2015). India has seen its rate of unemployment decreasing since 2012 where the unemployment rate was 5.20% and in 2013 the rate decline to 4.90%. The decrease in the unemployment rate has shown positive with the highest unemployment rate being in 2009 where the rate was 9.40%. the employment rate is also expected to increase to The composition of the employment and unemployment rate and population can be well described by Www.Tradingeconomics.Com (2017). Key industries As an emerging, economies China has attracted numerous industries touching almost every sector of the countrys economy. Though there are many different industries in China, three major industries remain the backbone of the Chinese economy. These three industries are manufacturing, agriculture and telecommunication (Nofsinger 2008). These industries have made China be the second largest importer and the largest exporter throughout the world. The three industrial sectors account for 40% of the countrys GDP and making China the fastest growing market. In the manufacturing sector, for instance, the country remains the largest manufacturer and exporter than any other country. Some major products are textiles, aluminum, cement, electronics, rail cars, steel, chemicals, ships, toys, iron, aircraft and many other products. Agricultural sectors produce millet, wheat, soybeans, tobacco, oilseeds, peanuts, pork, corn, fish, tea, and potatoes. Telecommunication industry is dominated by Microsoft and IBM coupled with increase cloud computing (Gitman Joehnk 2008). India economy is the 9th largest economy in the world that and one of the first growing economies. India is also coupling China as the two largest emerging economies with a significant role in the global economy. Similar to China, India is also dominated by three main industries forming the economy and these are manufacturing, service and agricultural industries (Trading Economics 2017). Manufacturing industries currently account for 27% while service industries account for 57% of the GDP. Some of the top industries are textile industry, tourism, chemical industry, transport, telecommunication, banking, retailing, and agriculture and real estate industries. The largest industry in India remains retailing and wholesale industry accounting for 23% of the GDP followed by agriculture at 15.7% (Dev, Rao 2009). Current account According to Xiangyan (2015), China current account gives a surplus of $196.4 billion declining by 14% registered in 2015 where the country had a surplus of $494.1 billion in goods-trade. Service trade, on the other hand, had a deficit of $244.2 billion, translating to 12 % within a year. In the capital and financial account, a total surplus of $26.3 billion was witnessed in 20016 with a deficit of $300 million recorded in the capital account giving a deficit of $417 billion within the non-reserve financial account. Therefore, Chinese authorities indicate that it is expected that cross-border capital movement will gradually become balanced before the end of the year (Arnold 2010). India current account deficit has been narrowing the trade gap and therefore the providing further support for the rupee. In the second quarter of the year, the trade deficit has widened from $13.24 billion to $13.84 billion giving an export rise of 8.3% while import also rises with 33%. In this last quarter, the gap is $7.9 billion representing 1.4 % of GDP but higher than the $0.3 billion in the same quarter in the previous year translating to 0.1 % of GDP (Bloomberg 2017). Performance of major assets Assets performance in China has generally increased since 2016 with a high return on built assets. The overall high return on assets comes as a result of economic growth based on its built assets. In 2016 the built assets register high return of 52.9% of GDP totaling to 10.4tn. The growth of assets in the Chinas market is expected to rise by 6.3% annually for the next five years to reach the climax of $17.85 billion in 2021 (China Daily 2017). Performance of fixed interest Throughout the third quarter of 2016 the financial market has stabilized with the total turnover reaching RMB 202.8 trillion according to Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) reflecting a year on year increase of 41.7% (Tsui, et al 2017). In the final quarter, the currency total turnover reached RMB 59.3 trillion recording an increase of 29.5% YoY and 19.9% decrease in a month on month. To this effect, the Chinese government continues to adopt policies that aim at making the economy to steady hence the yield curve fluctuate for all bond in some degree. Interbank bond market, on the other hand, registered YoY increase of 46.2% totaling to RMB 36.4 trillion while RMB 11.2 trillion turnovers were registered towards the end of the fourth quarter of 2016 representing a YoY increase of 32.0% or 10.8% decrease month on month (Tang 2010, pp.5253). Commodity price index also registered high turnover in the third quarter as compared to the previous year. This was represented by 14.1% as compared to 33 .1% experienced at the beginning of the year. Property assets performance has total to RMB 7.4598 trillion which a represent YoY increase of 5.8% and this was without any impact on the property price. Of this 27.1% increase was recorded on the residential property assets only. Commodity housing property assets have totaled to RMB 8.0208 trillion, representing a YoY increase of 41.3%, while sales of residential property assets increased by 43.2%. The stock performance has been equally good with joint-stock commercial banks liabilities growing a little bit faster and GYB registered an increase of 36.55% being the highest followed by BON that has 27.71% and CMBC with 25.88%. The increase can be attributed to increases in customer deposit thereby increasing bond payable. In the third quarter of 2016, customer deposit reached RMB 91.12 trillion that represents 9% increase when compared to the previous year (Sinha 2004, pp 2563). India is an investment hub that attracts many investors throughout the globe due to its varied investment environment characterized by vigorous economic reforms. The stock has been on the gaining track that can be traced for the last 10 years at the rate of 142% as evident by Bombay Stock Exchange. Modi's current government has come up with a strategy on the business policies that aim to make the countrys GDP reach 25% by 2020. Therefore, the country is most likely to grow as result of boost manufacturing sector that aim at reaching 25% GDP. This is higher given that in 2013, manufacturing was contributing nearly 13% of the GDP (What Investment 2015). Advantages of establishing funds in the emerging economies China and India Establishing a country fund of investments offered by China has three main advantages that can be deduced from the economic situation in the country. Firstly, benefits of economies of scale that result from the collective investment. China is one of the countries with robust economic factors that favour massive investment. As revealed in the continuous increase in return on assets, pooling resources in China open gate way for profitability from investment (Jalil Feridun 2011, pp. 284-291). This is different in the case of India that has varied business environment that is more riskier than China. Secondly, there is the possibility of diversifying assets as it point towards improvement. The countries assets return shows projection of profit that may the result in a good portfolio for the investment. The economic growth that is evident by various policies and strategies the country has open the market for investment and should be included in their portfolio. Thirdly, establishing a co untry fund of investment mostly in their portfolio draw pool of investment managers that manage the investment reduces risk and maximizing return on investment (Xiangyan 2015). Disadvantages of establishing fund investment in China and India Establishing a country fund of investment in China and India is also coupled with some disadvantages. Firstly, the cost is most likely to be high given the types of the portfolio that are in the country especially assets. The investment will require the investors to hire managers that have the capability to monitor the changes in the value of the assets depending on the market fluctuation (Hsu Hasmath 2013, p.124). The costly nature of investment applies to both China and India as both countries share many business environmental factors. Secondly, diversification of investments follows the prevailing assets in the market and therefore restricts investors to certain market characteristics giving investor limited choice. The current prevailing market return on investment in China shows is advantageous than India given the regulatory policies in an India are a striker (Investment Options 2017). Finally, collective investment reduces the individual right over the investment since the po ol of investors controls of the investment. Conclusion In conclusion, based on the investment analysis and portfolio management analysis the two emerging economies of India and China presents different market environment for investment. Based on the economic growth China remains the good country to invest in its policies and marketing environment favor foreign investment. Over the past years China has experienced an increasing return on the capital investment, especially on the assets. For instance, over the third quarter of the year 2016 a witnessed increase of 41.7% in the total turnover as compared to the previous year. This is also true with fixed assets such as properties that equally registered increase without an increase in prices of property. On contrary, an India has an environment that is characterized by a high tax rate that is not consistent with the profitability of the asset. Recommendations China and India are two large emerging economies and based on the investment analysis when establishing new investment the China has shown to be the best and this is due to wider market opportunity present in China. The only challenge remain is saturation of the country's growth that hinders high return in some investment sector such as property assets investment. Therefore, there is fall in demand for most assets in China as compared to India whose economy is slowly picking up. I recommend investing in India for those already established investments. This is due to the continuous growth characterized by the new market characteristic that may pose a different financial risk. A good portfolio management is required especially in China where the market is mostly saturated with many investors (Hatemi El-Khatib 2014, pp 141143). References Arnold, G, 2010, Investing: the definitive companion to investment and the financial markets. 2nd ed. Financial Times/ Prentice Hall. Bloomberg, 2017, Current account: Bloomberg market. Accessible at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-15/surprise-narrowing-in-india-current-account-may-support-rupee Bose, S Jalal, A, 2011, Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (3rd ed.), Bode, Z, Kane, A, Marcus AJ, 2005, Investments. 6th ed. McGraw Hill. China Daily, 2017, Current account: China Daily. Accessible at: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-03/31/content_28749803.htm Dev, SM, Rao, NC, 2009, India: Perspectives on Equitable Development, Academic Foundation, Echeverri-Gent, J, 2002, Politics in India's Decentred Polity, in Ayres, A.; Oldenburg, P., Quickening the Pace of Change, India Briefing, London: M. E. Sharpe, pp.1953 Gitman, L J, Joehnk MD, 2008, Fundamentals of Investing, Pearson /Addison Wesley Hsu, J, Hasmath, R, eds. 2013, The Chinese Corporatist State: Adoption, Survival, and Resistance. Routledge. p.124 Hatemi-J, A, El-Khatib, Y, 2014, Portfolio selection: An alternative approach. Economics Letters, vol.135, pp 141143. Investment Options, 2017, 10 Best Investment Options in India - Compare Options Online. Accessible at: https://www.policybazaar.com/life-insurance/investment-plans/articles/top-10-financial-investment-options-in-india/ Jalil, A, Feridun, M, 2011, The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis. Energy Economics, vol.33, no.2, pp. 284-291 Jalil, A, Feridun, M, Ying, M, 2010, Finance-growth nexus in China revisited: New evidence from principal components and ARDL bounds tests. International Review of Economics Finance, vol.19, no.2, pp. 189-195. Nofsinger, J R, 2008, The Psychology of Investing. 3rd ed. Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sinha, A, 2004, The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India, India Review, vol.3, no.1, pp 2563, Tang, X, 2010, Guo, Sujian; Guo, Baogang, eds. Greater China in an Era of Globalization. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. pp.5253. Tsui, S, e t al 2017, One Belt, One Road: China's Strategy for a New Global Financial Order, Monthly Review, Volume 68, Issue 08 Thorp, E, 2010, Kelly Capital Growth Investment Criterion: World Scientific Trading Economics, 2017, accessible at: https://tradingeconomics.com/india/unemployment-rate What Investment, 2015, India vs. China which is the better investment right now? https://www.whatinvestment.co.uk/india-vs-china-which-is-the-better-investment-right-now 2491576/ Xiangyang, S, 2015, The Prospect of Applying Blockchain Technology in Commercial Banks [N], Financial Times, 2015-12-21(12)

Friday, November 29, 2019

My Story My College Application Essay free essay sample

My story can be interpreted as a sign of weakness or a sign of strength, but I strive to inspire others and improve the world in any way I can, so I dont mind opening up to share it. What I have gone through has made me who I am today. Ever since I can remember, Ive felt like I live in a negative, critical, depressive environment, like Im never good enough, and cant ever do anything right. My mother and I havent ever gotten along very well, and my little sister was the focus of attention. After my parents divorced, I felt like I was left out, living with my mom and sister and their tight bond. Because of feeling like Im good enough, being left out and ignored, being criticized about almost everything, and feeling brought down by everyone around me, I was always a perfectionist and high stressed person. We will write a custom essay sample on My Story: My College Application Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Skip ahead to 8th grade, where I found a new passion: cheerleading. Joining the team had positive and negative effects. I was involved in something non-academic, but I still never felt good enough. I was a little bit chubby, as kids seem to be before they hit their major growth spurt, but I felt like that was part of my problem. I started dieting, healthfully at first, but after reaching a healthy goal weight at the end of 9th grade, I started taking my weight way too seriously. Whenever I felt criticized, not good enough, or had feelings I didnt want to feel, I would restrict what I eat and exercise to the point of pain. But even as the number on the scale scale kept going lower and lower. I needed help, but I felt too trapped. My anorexia went on for over a year before anyone around me caught on and dragged me in for serious help. Even with professional help, I still continued my destructive behaviors for several months. My turning point of finally deciding to help myself occurred just over a year ago. I had a weigh-in before my 10th grade academic award ceremony. I didnt make it to the ceremony, because I was stuck in Albany Medical Center. That day was the scariest day of my life, but without it, I may not be alive today. Deciding to get better was still an uphill battle. In a year, I experienced all of my shoved-down emotions, learned some positive coping skills after using some not-so-great ones, unwillingly gained quite a bit of weight, and became very aware of how much I didnt like my home and life situation. But the biggest surprise for me was: It got better. I became stronger, and distanced myself from those who werent good for me. I found new role models, positive people who I didnt know existed. I started looking forward to the freedom of my life, the one thing that I had full control over. Now, my story may give you the impression that Shes just a crazy, unstable girl who deals with family problems like everyone does. Shes going to have stress problems come back in college. I can assure you, Im miles away from where I was in my eating disorder. That time in my life was terrible, and I know that I CANNOT ever let myself go back. And I wont. Ive accumulated so much strength, freedom, hope, and happiness that I would never want to go back. I know Im not perfect, but who is? I try my best, and every day, Im still getting better. I get stronger. I gain hope. I pursue my passions. I inspire others and become inspired. I go on adventures and try new things. I learn. I smile. I move forward. I live.

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Louis and Clark Expedition essays

The Louis and Clark Expedition essays Manifest Destiny was a belief held by numerous politicians and nationalists. Manifest Destiny is the belief in the 1840's that the United States had a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent, from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. Although the statement was made some 42 years after the Louisiana Purchase, the statement still holds true to the time of the purchase, but not openly declared. The Louisiana Purchase was a critical turning point for the young and still undeveloped United States, and it was an excellent bargain too, selling in the end for only 15 million dollars. America was already fulfilling its manifest destiny, but the most significant part of the expansion was the expedition to navigate it. Thomas Jefferson, president at the time, chose his secretary, Meriwether Louis, to lead the expedition. Louis then chose William Clark as his secondary officer. The expedition took two years to complete, from May 1804 to September 1806, and covered about 8,000 miles going from St. Louis, Missouri to the Pacific Coast, and returning. There was still the belief of finding the Northwest Passage, and this was Jefferson's goal. But the most significant goal was to find this passage, and map out rivers and waterways that can be used for further westward expansion. Even though Louis and Clark did not find the Northwest Passage, they made peaceful contact with Native Americans, and learned a great deal about the geography of the land. But these were yet not even the greatest goal of the expedition-and that was to establish the basis of westward expansion, which therefore has a domino effect, leading to the traveling to new lands (for the Americans), the development of territories, and then the instating of new states, and gaining all the land in North America under Canada, and even other lands. In truth, President Jefferson was planning an expedition even before the Louisiana Purchase. But when it did come alo...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Week-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week-2 - Essay Example The limitation of this channel is that feedback of the passed information is poor. Video conferencing is another channel in which physical media uses to relay out information. Rao et al (27) denotes that video conferencing involves the use of a video to provide information to a large group of people. This method is effective the same information is stored, and disseminated in its original form (Rao et al, 31). It is also possible to pass the same kind of information over a long period of time. It is disadvantageous because it does not provide an opportunity for dialogue. Because of this, the people targeted cannot give their feedback concerning the particular message. Mechanical media refers to written or an electronic methodology of passing out information. This involves emails, personal letters and the social media. This channel is used in providing a more detailed piece of information, and is targeted to a particular audience (Rai et al, 21). In this channel of communication, an individual interprets the message relayed on him or herself, and makes meaning out of them basing on his or her mental condition. By use of email, a communicator targets a specific group of individuals, and it is fast. A communicator can also provide a detailed description of a task through the attachments options provided in an email. This channel is disadvantageous because it requires expertise in internet use. Some people lack skills in computer applications, and internet use, and this limits their knowledge and use of emails in communication (Rai et al, 41). Use of personal letters is also an important methodology of communication. This is because a communicator can send specific information about certain issues. The recipient has an ability to send feedback to the communicator, making the process of communication complete. The social media is another important methodology of communication under the mechanical

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Changing Values in the New Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Changing Values in the New Economy - Essay Example Thus globalization of business and the revolution in information technology are the cornerstones of the new economy that has come into existence. The changing circumstances and thought processes in the business environment under the New Economy are undermining the old order and are forcing business to restructure. The emergence of the new economy has also brought changes in the outlook of the investors in that the there has been an increased expectation of return on the capital invested. Investors in the new economy prefer to work on a faster payback of their investments as against their counterparts in the old economy who were satisfied with a nominal and consistent return on their investments and safety of the investments as the deciding factor for any investment decisions. With this background this report analyses the radical changes brought about by the new economy in the outlook of the investors including the institutional investors. Stephen B. Shepard (1997) states that the New Economy has emerged because of the interaction of two broad trends namely the globalization of business and the revolution in information technology. In the New Economy "capitalism is spreading around the world--if not full-blown capitalism, at least the introduction of market forces, freer trade, and widespread deregulation." It boosts productivity, reduces cost, cuts inventories and facilitates electronic commerce. The digital technology is creating new companies and new industries before our eyes. Paper on New Economy from PPI (2000) defines the new economy as knowledge and idea based economy where the key to higher standards of living and job creation is the extent to which innovative ideas and technologies are embedded in services, products and manufacturing processes. The new economy is one where risk, uncertainty and constant changes are the rule rather than the exception. In the new economy there is a transformation process constantly going on which replaces the hierarchical organizations by network learning organizations. It may be interesting to note that almost eleven new companies are created every week in Silicon Valley and one of them went public every five days when the new economic development process started. The new economy has also seen a widespread change in the methods of conclusion of trade transactions, changes in the purchasing methods of consumers and novel methods of meeting the customer needs by innovative approaches in delivering the products ordered over the internet. E Commerce took its root and developed over a short period in the new economy, although initial hiccups were present. The classic example in this type of business is the success of Amazon.com. Thus new business activities using the new technology, media, telecommunication facilities, e commerce and Web portals became inseparable parts of the new economy. 3.0 Outcome of the New Economy: The new economy with the advent of globalization and the rapid development of information technology has resulted in an all round development of various economic sectors. These developments attributable to the modern digital technologies had been a reason for excitement and elation at the end of the last decade. The reported developments were mainly concerned with: the emergence of a knowledge based sector whose huge market and broader

Monday, November 18, 2019

Contract Law, Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law, Case Study - Coursework Example 5 if â€Å"horse was lucky for him.† It was held that this statement was too vague to become a valid offer. The buyer did not clearly state that in what way the horse should have been lucky for him. There are also statements made that are mere queries for more information. Such statements also do not become a valid offer. In Harvey v Facey2, the plaintiff was interesting in buying land which had not been advertised for sale by the owner, the defendant. The plaintiff asked the defendant for the lowest price that he would be accepting for the land. The defendant replied with a price and the plaintiff tried to accept it. It was held that the plaintiff could not accept that price because there was no offer by the defendant. There was a price but no intention to sell the land in the reply of the defendant. It was just an early step in the process of negotiation. An offer is meant to be the last word of the parties to a contract. This is why a counter-offer revokes the original offe r. In Hyde v Wrench3, the defendant offered to sell his land to the plaintiff for ?1000. The plaintiff said that he would pay ?950 instead. Later, he agreed to pay the full price but heard nothing from the defendant. It was held that the offer to sell the land at ?1000 had expired when the plaintiff made a counter-offer. Therefore, the original offer was no longer open for acceptance. It is essential that both parties must agree to the same thing in the same sense. An offer must be communicated to the offeree. It is deemed to be communicated to the offeree when it comes into his notice. The offeror can put a stipulation on his offer regarding its acceptance in time. If the offer is not accepted within that time, it is revoked. An offer can be revoked at any time before it has been accepted. If an offeree wants the offeror to keep an offer open for acceptance, he must pay a consideration for it. In Routledge v Grant4, the defendant promised to keep his offer to purchase the lease of the plaintiff’s house open for acceptance for six weeks. He changed his mind and communicated to the plaintiff that he had revoked his offer. The plaintiff claimed that the defendant was bound to keep his offer open and he had breached his promise. It was held that the defendant was not bound to keep his offer open because the plaintiff had not paid him any consideration for it. It is important to note that such revocation of offer is not valid unless it is communicated to the offeree. Acceptance is the next step in the formation of a legally binding contract. Acceptance must be a mirror image of the offer in the sense that the acceptor must agree to the same things that are presented in the offer in the same sense. In Jones v Daniel5, the plaintiff sent an acceptance message to the defendant in which he included new terms. The defendant refused to enter into a contract. It was held that the acceptance was a qualified acceptance and not valid. It was a counter-offer and the d efendant was not bound to accept it. An offer may be conditional but it is not the case for acceptance. An acceptance must be firm and absolute. There must also be a consideration for both parties to a legally binding contract. Consideration can be regarded as the price of a party’s promise. Consideration must be sufficient. It must be of a material value. Also, the parties must have an intention to be legally bound under the agreement. If there is no such intention, the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Economic Model Of Price Determination In A Market Economics Essay

Economic Model Of Price Determination In A Market Economics Essay As an economic model of price determination in a market, the relationship between supply and demand is a topic being discussed for a long time. We may think of demand as a force which tends to increase the price of a good, and also that supply as a force which tends to reduce the price. According to the microeconomics theory, the price P of a product is determined by a balance between production at each price (supply S) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand D).It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity supplied by producers (at current price), resulting in an economic equilibrium of price and quantity. When the two forces balance one another, the result will be that the price neither rise nor fall, but stay stable. This is the analogy that leads us to think of the stable or natural price in a particular market. It is called the equilibrium price. As we know, iPhone now has attracted great attention and become a heated topic. Here, we take it for example: if every consumer wants and can afford an iPhone, and APPLE Company is willing to provide each of them one iPhone, the demand and supply is in equilibrium status. In addition to the theory above, is there any relation among supply demand and the market? How to measure the relation? Is there anything else to measure the functions of supply and demand in market? Or they have some links when influencing the market? There are three theses concerning this topic for further discussion. The first thesis I have chosen is written by David Huffman. The author insists that supply and demand is measurable. (Another thesis I introduce below is the opposite: ) He tries to resort to retail Market Place to addresses these questions because he thinks the database of Retail Market Place can provide a direct comparison between retail sales and consumer spending by industry and it can therefore measures the gap between supply and demand. In his thesis, he holds the view that there are two ways by supply or demand to measure activity in a retail market. The article is mainly divided into three parts to probe into this topic: Market Supply (Retail Sales); Market Demand (Retail Potential); The Leakage/Surplus Factor (Supply and Demand). One point must be emphasized is that Leakage in an area represents a condition where a markets supply is less than the demand. For such factors, it seems that to measure the market by using supply and demand as a tool is doable and useful. There is another thesis by an anonymous author also discusses the relation of supply, demand and market. Ordinarily, there always exist different price levels where individual buyers and sellers are satisfied so that the sum total will create a market or equilibrium price. But in reality, there will be some exceptions, because a market price is not a fair price to all participants in the marketplace. Not only when there is no increase in the quantity of product demanded, but also when there is a shift in demand due to changing consumer preferences will influence the market price and reach a new equilibrium. So does the reaction to the short run or long run changes. The charts below are separately describing change in equilibrium price and shift in demand. In most regions, iPhone is not only a cell phone but more than an apparatus of making telephone calls and writing text messages. iPhone has been a symbol of some players, and people distinguish their identity from using iPhone: They have a keen sense of popularity; They enjoy being a member of their circle and they like communicating with real friends or net friends; They eagerly break the tradition and desire something newà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Though the price of iPhone is high enough to restrain most consumers, many people choose iPhone for proving themselves different. Such relation of supply and demand decides that iPhone occupies in the High End of the market. If the price of iPhone decreases, on one hand, it will surely attract more consumers, but on the other hand, many previous buyers will quit because iPhone is no longer unique and rare. But in the article written by JUSTIN WOLFERS in 2009, the author argues that supply and demand are difficult to measure. At the very beginning of the article, the author raises the question of Catherine Rampell, Does lowering the price of broadband increase its use, which brings a research and a series of data and diagram trying to figure out the demand curve. However, the reality is always beyond the theory only in the textbook. Sometimes to our surprise, the result is different though the source of data is the same. The author gives an example to illustrate it: a supply-obsessed economist were interested in asking Does increasing use of broadband raise its price? so that he might examine data on broadband prices and adoption rates. He expects to see more broadband correlated with higher prices because the supply curve is upward sloping but undoubtedly the result will be opposite for a demand-obsessed economist. As we know, there are many types of factors taking effect. On one hand, the determinants of supply include production costs, the technology of production, the price of related goods, firms expectations about future prices, number of suppliers, etc. On the other hand, the determinants of demand comprise income, tastes and preferences, prices of related goods and services, expectations and number of Buyers. Whats more, it is believed that factoring in of Marketing also has something to do with the curves because marketing drives demand in some way. In a wide variety of historic and current examples, we find more and more evidence that with shifts in demand or in supply causing changes in price and quantity, we can explain changes in quantities as well as prices as the equilibrium of supply and demand. The changes in price and quantity are coordinated in many ways that can be not only understood but also predicted, at the premise that we understand the theory of supply and demand. As the topic of the article, the author thinks that the factors influencing the equilibrium are far more complicated so Supply and Demand Are Hard to Measure. To some extent, that is because prices and quantities are determined by both supply and demand. The author has a new idea that nationality has influence and it indeed makes a difference. It is pointed out that prices and quantities differ across countries, which breaks the traditional theory of If both curves were the same in every country, broadband prices and use would be the same in every country. Some people may even argue that income skews the opportunity cost of broadband ownership. It seems strange that iPhone sells extraordinarily well Mainland China. Maybe you will surprise that in such a developing Asian country, though a small portion of people can lead a tremendous change. Its true, and its certain that China has been the greatest purchasing power only after the USA on luxury goods, let along iPhone. Consequently, what makes supply and demand hard to measure is the reality: the world is indeed a mixture of both cases. The author owes this to an identification problem, with a bit sense of humor, which arises precisely because prices and quantities are determined by both blades of the supply and demand scissors. The example of iPhone indeed proves that demand and supply are hard to measure. Many people bought iPhone not because they need it but for other reasons. Some bought for keeping up with the latest trend, some bought because other people recommended, some bought for showing off, and some bought for having a tryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Here comes the consequence of over demand. Whats more, if the APPLE Company restricts the supply so that iPhones seem scarce to consumers, many people will squeeze and swarm forward to get simply one iPhone, even late at night before its release. Some luxury companies also promote their articles in limited edition and as a result supply and demand is unequal. We can bring the same example to every day life. If we compare the price of water to the price of diamonds, there is a dramatic difference. The price of water is very cheap and we use it everyday, not only for drinking, but also for washing cars, watering plants, and for flushing the toilets. Most importantly water is crucial for our life. Diamonds on the other hand, has no significant influence to our lives other than showing off. Diamonds are for sure luxury products, but its components are simply carbon. If we assume that the price of water is extremely expensive, would we still use water to wash our cars or flushing the toilets? If the price of diamonds are as cheap as water, will people still ware it on their fingers or as an engagement gift? It all comes down to the theory of scarcity. Water is cheap simply because its easy to get and the world has sufficient of it, diamonds are expensive because it takes millions of years to form and its hard to find. Generally, there is still something worth digesting after reading and some problems remain unsolved. With much doubt, some readers raised a list of questions. For instance, supply and demand curves must be linear? If supply and demand curves shift around in different geographical regions, or in different periods of time, then shall we get to assume that economic equilibrium is well-defined? Whether the author assumes the shifts occur because of how preferences are distributed or because preferences change, it seems that theres no guarantee that exchanges are approaching an efficient allocation of resourcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The three theses above have a sequence from concrete to abstract. In fact, in the marketplace, it is rarely possible for supply and demand to go the path we have designed. On one hand, supply and demand can be used to describe and measure the market, but on the other hand, for the factors are numerous, the curve is a result of price and quantity as well as a combinat ion of demand and supply, and surely these reasons make the relationship of supply and demand hard to measure.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Effect of Racism on the Self-Esteem of African Americans and the He

Throughout the past, scientists have attempted to explain the health disparity between African Americans and Whites. With the completion of the human genome project, it was shown that there is very little difference between different races on the genetic level. However, â€Å"African Americans are twice as likely to die from cardiovascular disease as their European counterpart,† the question that has arisen is where do these differences stem from (Harell, Floyd, Daniels and Bell). Recently, scientists have begun to believe that racism could possibly explain these differences (Belgrave &Allison, 2010). Racism has been an issue for African Americans since the early days of slavery. Everywhere they go, they face a possibility of being treated differently because of their race. Within the past fifty years, the racism that African Americans faced has dropped, however it is still prevalent. According to Belgrave and Allison, racism is defined as â€Å"the negative beliefs, actions, and emotions based on race† although there are different types of racism, this definition gives a generalization on what racism is. It seems as though racism is the cause of many of the health problems that are faced by African Americans. Whether it is because African Americans generally do not receive the same health service as Whites or because direct racism causes higher blood pressure, racism has a negative health effect on African Americans (Belgrave &Allison, 2010). Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to see whether racism has an effect on the self-esteem of African Americans and the health risks associated with racism, mainly high blood pressure. The independent variable is perception of racism and the dependent variables are the self... ...nd blood pressure. Racism is a problem facing many African Americans in the United States. It is affecting both their self-esteem and health. Until they are given the help they need or racism dissipates from society, they will always have these problems. References Belgrave, A. Z., & Allison, K. W. (2010S).African american psychology, from africa to america. (2nd ed., pp. 96-112). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc. Fischer, A. R., & Shaw, C. (1999). African americans mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology,46(3), 395-407. Retrieved from psycnet.apa.org/journals/cou/46/3/395.html Harrell, C. P. J., Floyd, L. J., & Bell, S. R. Psychophysiological methods: enduring value to research within black psychology.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Surviving School

I never enjoyed going to school. It was always the bane of my life. When sitting in classes I just looked at my watch counting the minutes down until I could leave. Each day, .time seemed to tick slower. It was like being in prison, just counting the days down until you would be released. There was a reason why I hated school so much. It wasn't the rest of my peer group, but one particular teacher who made my life the living hell that for me was my school life personified. Loren was his name – Ralph Loren. He was the Maths teacher who picked on me in every lesson. He even made fun of me in front of my fellow peers, telling them to laugh at me every time I got something incorrect. Maths was a lesson which we had every day and therefore it was almost impossible to avoid his daily burning hatred for me. I felt he treated me differently from the others. It was as though he had this burning desire inside him to make my life a living misery. But for what reason I don't know. Coming from a tough background made me quite a tough cookie, but Mr. Loren made me feel different. I couldn't stand the bullying and physical abuse he gave me. I tried telling my parents but my Mum was too busy with work trying to keep the family afloat. My Dad? Well he used to be a professional boxer before he became brain damaged. He was an excellent professional boxer fighting only the best but he suffered a high degree of brain damage in a championship fight and is now restricted to the use of a wheel chair as he has now nearly lost all mobility and memory. Doctors say it will only be a few more months before he forgets even his own family. Needless to say I learned to look out for myself and fight my own battles after all that we've been through. It's tough but it has to be done if I'm to survive and keep my sanity. . However I still have the problem of Mr. Loren. I decided that strict action was to be taken. I had to fight this battle alone but I needed help. I contacted a few old friends who used to live on the estate with me in Brixton. They didn't like me and I didn't like them but we all had an unspoken understanding and when there was trouble we looked out for each other. We had to for our own safety. These people were the sort of people who you wouldn't want to meet out on a dark night on your own!. These were people who the Mafia wouldn't even want to do business with! They were really that bad. They offered me a few solutions to my ‘problem' and I said I would get back to them with my decision in the next few days. It was a lot to mull over. I decided to leave it a few days in case things got a little better which I sincerely doubted. For the next week Mr. Loren bullied me like never before. He hit me; he even beat me with metre sticks. I had bruises down my body, I was in real agony. I decided to leave him in the grasps of my mates from Brixton. He had to be taught a lesson like never before. For the next week Mr. Loren was absent from school. Everyone thought he was just ill. The school knew nothing of his whereabouts. As time went by people seemed to forget about Mr. Loren as we now had a replacement Maths teacher who was absolutely brilliant and I longed for her to stay on full time if Mr. Loren was not to come back. As time went by I forgot all about Mr. Loren. I just assumed that he had learnt his lesson and fled the country. It wasn't until one night when I really realised what had happened. I was walking back from town one evening when I passed the Television Rentals store. I always liked to have a glance at what was on because I had never owned a television before. I was wandering around the shop glancing at the programs on the various screens. When suddenly I saw the latest news bullet flash up onto the screen. An unidentified man had been reported missing matching roughly Mr. Loren's description and had subsequently been found by police searching the area. Police had scoured sections of woods and lakes when a few passers by had noticed a floating body in an old marshy lake on the outskirts of town.. My heart seemed to stop beating momentarily. I didn't know what to think. I decided that the best course of action was to run to the other side of town to gather what was going on. I had never run so fast in my life. When I reached the crime scene the whole area was cordoned off with tape. I asked whether the body had been identified yet and they said that the corpse was still undergoing identification. After hours of patient waiting the corpse was identified as a one Mr. Loren. I was horrified at the news. I left for home as swiftly as I could escaping without trying to look so suspicious. I didn't know why I was worried though because I never carried out the crime. I never intended for anything like this to happen anyway. All I wanted my mates to do was give him a good beating to get the message through to him that he should leave the country. I got home and went straight up to bed without saying a word to anyone. The next morning I tried for hours to get through to the boys in Brixton. Eventually when I did get a reply it was an elderly woman who had just moved in and knew nothing of any boys that used to live there. The boys had obviously decided to leave and rightly so after what they had done. I thought I was in the clear. I picked up a newspaper on the way to school the following day and it had the horrific build up story of what had happened to Mr Loren the night he had been murdered. It said that he had been shot five times in the head and chest and had sustained serious bruising all over the body. The paper was asking for witnesses to come forward. Even Mr. Loren's family was offering a reward for the capture of his brutal murderer. A shiver ran down my spine. All I hoped was that the murder weapon was still in the safe hands of the Brixton boys. A few weeks later the murder weapon had been found in some nearby woods. The gun was to be checked for fingerprints and I knew that it would have the Brixton Boys' prints all over it. I was wrong I had been framed. I remember as a boy shooting pigeons with a small colt pistol that the Brixton boys had given me. When I left I returned it to them as I no longer needed it and said I was mending my ways. They weren't best pleased as you could well imagine. I now know why they were only too pleased to help me. They wanted to get me back for all those times when they did something wrong and I ratted on them.. I now know never to trust a living soul again. tried life on the run for a few days but eventually I couldn't take it anymore. I handed myself in. I knew I stood no chance of defending myself as the gun had only my prints on. I am now facing a secure unit then when I'm eighteen I will be moved into a secure unit. After a few weeks of life inside I learnt of the sad death of my father, which inevitably lead to the sorrowful suicide of my Mother.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Similarities Between “The Cask Of Amontillado“ And “A Good Man Is Hard To Find“

Similarities Between â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Both Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† are short horror stories, but some may consider them to be dark comedies. Since both of these stories contain some comical scenes and strange characters, they end with some very ironic twists. Irony is not the only similarity between these two stories. Evil is another underlying plot in these two stories. Pride is also another characteristic shared between some of the characters in these stories, which can lead to some very bad things if either too much is there, or if there is not enough. The most ironic thing about these two dark comedies is that the main characters are being led to their deaths throughout the entire stories. â€Å"The vaults are insufferably damp. They are encrusted with nitre.† â€Å"Let us go, nevertheless. The cold is merely nothing. Amontillado!† (P764). Fortunato continues his journey towards death by his own will. Another ironic twist in the story is when Montresor responds to Fortunato saying, â€Å"I will not die of a cough.† Then Montresor responds, â€Å"True- true†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There is talk about death, and Fortunato has no idea that he is actually leading himself into his own death. Fortunato’s own name is ironic, because it means fortunate and he is not very fortunate at the end. The characters in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† are also leading themselves into their own deaths. Instead of going on vacation to Florida where they believe the Misfit is, they head to Tennessee, where they actually lead themselves into the path of the Misfit. It is also ironic how the grandmother prepares herself for death, but she does not know that she is really going to die. â€Å"Her collar and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. I... Free Essays on Similarities Between â€Å"The Cask Of Amontilladoâ€Å" And â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Findâ€Å" Free Essays on Similarities Between â€Å"The Cask Of Amontilladoâ€Å" And â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Findâ€Å" Similarities Between â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Both Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† are short horror stories, but some may consider them to be dark comedies. Since both of these stories contain some comical scenes and strange characters, they end with some very ironic twists. Irony is not the only similarity between these two stories. Evil is another underlying plot in these two stories. Pride is also another characteristic shared between some of the characters in these stories, which can lead to some very bad things if either too much is there, or if there is not enough. The most ironic thing about these two dark comedies is that the main characters are being led to their deaths throughout the entire stories. â€Å"The vaults are insufferably damp. They are encrusted with nitre.† â€Å"Let us go, nevertheless. The cold is merely nothing. Amontillado!† (P764). Fortunato continues his journey towards death by his own will. Another ironic twist in the story is when Montresor responds to Fortunato saying, â€Å"I will not die of a cough.† Then Montresor responds, â€Å"True- true†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There is talk about death, and Fortunato has no idea that he is actually leading himself into his own death. Fortunato’s own name is ironic, because it means fortunate and he is not very fortunate at the end. The characters in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† are also leading themselves into their own deaths. Instead of going on vacation to Florida where they believe the Misfit is, they head to Tennessee, where they actually lead themselves into the path of the Misfit. It is also ironic how the grandmother prepares herself for death, but she does not know that she is really going to die. â€Å"Her collar and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. I...